There are several fields which you can use to search through our plant database to find detailed
and specific information on any plant carried by Home Depot stores.
Knowing what each of these fields means can greatly improve your search results.
- Botanical and Common Names
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Plant names have fascinated gardeners almost for as long as plants have. From the tongue twister
botanical names to the sometimes whimsical common names, they all tell a tale based on fact
and fancy.
Botanical plant names are based on the worldwide method that uses a scientific binomial, or two
scientific names used together. All flora and fauna in the world are named by scientists,
biologists and botanists using this centuries old naming scheme. The language is based on Latin
and Greek but has evolved somewhat to meet the needs of nurserymen the world over for their
own use.
The first part of the botanical name is the genus, which defines a certain group of plants
which are similar. The way they are similar is their flower parts, not their overall appearance
as many people think. The second part of the name is the species, a sub-group within the genus.
A further distinction may be described by a variety name, identifying a feature that sets that
variety apart from other plants of that same species.
Here's an example: Ilex cornuta 'Burfordii' is the popular Burford Holly. Ilex is the genus,
identifying that this is related to all the other Ilexes (hollies). Cornuta is the species, a
sub-group of Ilex. Burfordii is the variety name, identifying a distinct plant that is slightly
different from all of the other Ilex cornutas.
Though some naming errors and disagreements exist within the trade, botanical names are at
least based on a scientific method. This is not true with common names, which hold to no
recognized convention. While botanical names are supposed to improve communication among
horticultural professionals, common names are meant to identify plants among non-professionals.
Anyone can name any plant anything, and it seems that they do. For example, Ilex cornuta
'Burfordii' may be called Burford Holly, Burfordi Holly or Burford's Holly, the most accepted
of which is probably Burford Holly.
Some plants have numerous common names, suggesting the plant's popularity in different parts of
the country. For example, Lysimachia nummularia is properly called both Creeping Jenny and
Moneywort.
Common names can cause confusion, for a single common name may be used for two or more
different plants. For example, "Coral Plant" can be Bessera elegans, Jatropha multifida, or
Russelia equisetiformis. Then there is also a "Coral Tree" and a Coral Vine." This illustrates
why nursery professionals tend to use botanical names when ordering or selling plants.
Botanical names may be cumbersome to use, but they can eliminate confusion when knowledgeable
gardeners get together.
- Product Number
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Number from the lower right corner of the attached tag on plants purchased from Home Depot.
- Zip Code or Zone
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A USDA Hardiness Zone Map number or your zip code(which is used to
determine the zone) to eliminate plants based on their hardiness ratings.
Using your zip code may return multiple possible zones from which you
must choose a single zone to search by.NOTE: Zone and zip code cannot be used
together in the same search
- Drought Tolerant
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Few factors are more important in establishing a successful garden than watering.
Proper watering is perhaps the most important ingredient for success in growing and
maintaining both house and landscape plants. This is especially true with new
landscapes. But it is hard to know how much to water and when. The following section
will help you understand and implement a good watering system.
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Drought tolerant plants are plants that are able to withstand extended periods of time
with little or no supplemental water. They are able to survive on whatever natural
rainfall is available. To take advantage of this benefit, it is best to group drought
tolerant plants together, rather than mixing them with plants that need constant
moisture. This prevents those plants that like the soil on the dry side from getting
"wet feet".
So what is proper watering? Many factors need to be considered in determining what is
proper watering such as:
- Soil type
- Climate
- Type of plant
- Is it in the landscape or in a container
- Is it newly planted or has it been established in the landscape for several years?
- When is the best time to water
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Soil Type
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Soil type can be grouped into three main categories, Clay, Sandy or Loam. The type of
soil in your garden plays an important part in determining the type of plants to grow,
as well as watering requirements.
Clay Soils. Also referred to as "gumbo" or "heavy" soils, clay soils are composed
of microscopically small mineral particles. These particles are flat, fitting very
closely together. This means that clay soils have the greatest amount of surface area
per volume and contain the greatest volume of nutrients. However there is very little
space in between the soil particles for air or water (called pore space). This means
that when clay soils get wet, the downward movement or drainage of water is very slow.
The advantage of this is soil nutrients are held in the soil longer in clay soils than
in other types. The disadvantage is the soil can become waterlogged and roots can rot
from lack of oxygen. Clay soils, once wet, stay wet longer than other soils. However,
if they dry out, it is difficult to get the water deep down into the soil. The water
tends to run off rather than soak in. Clay soils, can swing between two extremes, very
wet and very dry.
Soil Additives and Amendments such as peat moss, can improve water retention and
drainage. Vermiculite and perlite are two other products available at all Home Depot
Garden Centers which help create pore spaces and improve drainage. This helps to
minimize the extreme wet or dry conditions often encountered when working with clay
soils.
Organic Matter is the decaying remains of once living plants and animals. It is vital
to the fertility of any soil, particularly to clay and sandy soils. Added as a soil
amendment, it improves clay soils by wedging between the tiny particles and creating
larger pore spaces. This allows for better aeration and drainage. In sandy soils,
organic matter helps fill the large pore spaces so that the soil can hold water and
nutrients longer. This means that the soil remains moist and therefore does not have to
be watered or fertilized as often. Saves water, saves time, saves your pocketbook.
Sandy Soils. Sandy soils contain relatively large particles that are cube shaped
rather than flattened. Consequently, when they fit together, there are larger pore
spaces in between, which allows for a faster downward movement or drainage of water
through the soil. Another consequence of this faster drainage is that soil nutrients
also leach out more quickly in sandy soils, than in clay soils. Therefore, plants in
sandy soils will need watering and fertilizing more frequently than those in clay soil. Loam. This type of soil contains a mixture of clay, sand and silt and has a healthy
supply of organic matter. It is considered by many gardeners to be the ideal soil, with
good drainage, enough pore space for adequate air to the roots, and moderate leaching of
nutrients from the soil. A gardener with loamy soil is the envy of the garden club!
Climate
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Understanding climate is important in establishing proper watering habits. When
speaking of climate as it relates to plants and watering, one should take into
consideration: sun exposure, range of temperatures, humidity, rainfall, wind conditions.
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Sun Exposure
Watering requirements are greatly influenced by whether a plant is grown in sun or
shade. Plants, like people, tend to dry out faster in full sun. And like people, need
more frequent watering when in full sun. This includes plants that are located near
sidewalks, south facing or light colored walls. Locating plants in areas where they
are exposed to reflected heat does a lot to increase the amount of water they need.
Plants in shade or in early morning sun tend to need less water, but they can also be
more susceptible to fungal diseases which thrive in moist, more shaded areas.
TIP: It is important to avoid wetting foliage in the evening, when there is
insufficient time for the leaves to dry off before night time. It is equally important
not to water in the full heat of the day. Water on the foliage can act like a lens and
concentrate the sun's rays so intensely that the foliage can become extremely hot and
burn.
Temperature
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Plants in high temperature locations, particularly in full sun, generally need more
frequent watering than those in cooler, milder, climates. Failure to provide adequate
water under these circumstances causes serious plant stress such as wilted or drooping
foliage and maybe leaf drop. Plants under stress are also more susceptible to pests and
diseases. In hot climates, very careful attention must be given to plants in sandy soils
which drain very quickly.
In addition, high temperatures increase the temperature of the upper layer of soil to the
extent that roots near the surface of the soil can be killed. Plants that are naturally
shallow rooted, or those that have become so due to improper watering, are very susceptible
to this danger. If they are not well watered at planting time and throughout the high
temperature seasons, they can be here today and gone tomorrow.
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TIP: It is very important that established plants are watered deeply, but infrequently.
This encourages roots to grow downward, deep into the soil and causes the plant to become
more drought tolerant. Watering in this manner creates a plant that is better equipped to
handle tough situations. Light, frequent watering encourages shallow root development and
a dependence on supplemental watering. This type of plant will need constant attention.
Watering can also be affected by cold temperatures. Every plant has a low temperature
danger point. This is when the plant is exposed to low temperatures for a period of time
that causes tissue damage or death. How long the cold temperatures last, and how quickly
the temperature drops determine how severe the damage to the plant is. If the plant is
under stress due to lack of water, it is more susceptible to cold injury.
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TIP: Water plants well before a coming freeze. Plants that are under stress from inadequate
water are more susceptible to injury from cold temperatures.
Humidity
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In areas of the country where the humidity is low, the rate of evaporation can be
extremely rapid. Close attention should be paid to plants in the landscape,
particularly container plants during times of high heat, intense sunlight and low
humidity. They tend to dry out quickly. Rainfall evaporates more quickly in areas
with low humidity, so that little of the rain water may actually sink down deeply
into the soil.
In areas with high humidity, moisture tends to stay in the air and the soil longer.
Although this decreases the need for watering, it increases the chances of certain
diseases such as blackspot and mildew. Pay close attention to your plants for signs of
stress such as: wilting, drying and curling of the foliage, brown leaf tips, leaf
drop, change in color.
Rainfall
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It certainly makes sense to take into consideration the amount of rainfall in your
area in determining if there is a need for supplemental watering and when. It may also
play a large role in deciding what plants to include in the landscape. Many plants may
be included or totally excluded just on this issue alone. Since high temperatures and
low humidity can cause the moisture from a rainfall to evaporate quickly, do not be
fooled by a rainshower and immediately assume that supplemental water can be curtailed.
TIP: To decide when to water after a rainfall, dig down into the soil to see how far
the moisture has penetrated. In many cases, it has only dampened the surface. Install
a rain gauge to accurately measure how much water is entering the ground.
Wind
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Wind can dry out plants in a very short period of time, particularly when combined
with high temperatures. Therefore, in windy areas, more watering is required. This
again underscores the importance of deep, infrequent watering, to develop a deep root
system. It allows the roots to draw water from a larger, deeper area of moisture in
the soil. In addition, a deep, extensive root system, developed from proper watering,
helps support the plant so that it is not blown over during periods of high winds.
Watering New vs. Established Plants
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Watering new plants is different than watering established plants. The plant has not
yet developed a deep or extensive root system so it is critical that water gets right
down into the rootball, and that the roots remain moist, not wet, until well
established. Any prolonged dry period may adversely affect root development and
subsequent plant growth. The more shallow the root system, the more frequent the need
for watering.
TIPS: Use drip irrigation to get moisture right down to the roots. In the alternative
you can create a well around the plant to prevent run-off and allow the water to soak
deeply into soil. A water well is a ridge of soil several inches high formed around a
plant.
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Plants that have established themselves in the landscape, have sent out new feeder
roots that extend outwards at least as wide as the width of the plant. This circular
area around the perimeter of the plant is called the dripline. It is important with
established plants to water thoroughly around this outer dripline. However with new
plants it is important to water very thoroughly, into the rootball and outward to the
undisturbed garden soil.
Plant Type
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Watering is greatly affected by plant type. Whether the plant requires sun or shade,
is drought tolerant or requires constant moisture, is deep or shallow rooted has a
great impact on its water requirements. Therefore it makes sense to group together
in the landscape, plants with similar water and cultural needs. It would be detrimental
to good plant health to plant a cactus next to a rose, or a shade loving coleus next
to a sun loving petunia. For example, by planting drought tolerant plants together,
moisture loving plants together, and so on, you create an effective and water
efficient garden. The plants will be less stressed and so will you.
TIP: Plant "thirsty" plants where they can be shielded from drying summer winds. If
possible locate in an area of the garden where there is easy water access since they
will require more attention.
Timing is Everything
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Watering is best done early in the morning so that the foliage has time to dry off
before night time. Foliage that remains wet during the evening hours is more
susceptible to disease. This is particularly true with plants like roses which can be
vulnerable to blackspot if the foliage is allowed to remain wet for an extended period
of time, especially at night.
It is also important to water when there is little or no wind. This is because when
wind moves across plants, it draws water away from the leaf surface, drying out the
foliage. If a sprinkler system is used on a windy day, water may be wasted spraying
onto sidewalks or other unintended areas.
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Water Conservation
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More and more gardeners are becoming aware of the need to conserve water. Consequently,
there is increasing interest in collecting and recycling rainwater, planting more native and drought tolerant varieties and minimizing water thirsty varieties, adding soil amendments to improve soil structure and retain moisture, installing soaker hoses, and drip irrigation systems, keeping weeds at a minimum (as they rob moisture from the ornamental plants) and mulching. The list of creative ways to conserve water keeps growing.
During seasons of abundant rainfall, watertight barrels or cisterns can be gathered to
collect water which can later be used during times of low or no rain. Its not only
water efficient, but free water is cost effective as well!
Native and drought tolerant plants place less stress on water resources. They are
well adapted to the cultural conditions of your area and are less likely to need the
"pampering" that non-native plants require. They come prepared to withstand periods
of low rainfall.
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Adding organic matter to amend the soil is one of the best ways to achieve the perfect
balance between good moisture retention and good drainage. This is especially true
with sandy soils which are very fast draining.
Soaker hoses and drip irrigation systems are extremely water efficient. Since they
function at or just under the soil surface, the water goes directly down to the roots
and is not affected by blowing wind. Using these methods also minimizes fungal diseases
by keeping the foliage dry.
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TIP: Keeping weeds under control is another way to conserve water. Weeds in the flower
beds rob water from the desired plants and compete for other nutrients. An even,
protective layer of mulch is great for keeping weeds under control.
Mulching is one of the most effective and inexpensive ways to conserve water in the
landscape. Any loose, organic matter spread over the soil surface is a mulch. Some
examples are shredded or chipped bark, straw, leaves or sawdust. You can find just the
type that fits your needs at any Home Depot garden center.
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The wonderful thing about mulch is that it performs several functions. A loose, even
layer of mulch spread over the flower bed reduces moisture evaporation from the soil,
reduces the growth of moisture stealing weeds, insulates the soil from drastic changes
in temperatures, and keeps water and mud from splashing on the foliage, reducing the
chance of fungal disease. It also adds a neat, elegant look to the landscape.
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TIP: Keep mulch several inches away from the main stem of the plant so the constant
moisture does not cause stem rot.
Watering Container Plants
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Generally speaking, container plants require more attention than landscape plants.
Since there is less soil to hold moisture, container plants dry out faster than plants
grown in the ground. Therefore, they must be watered more frequently.
In hot, windy areas you may have to water container plants more than once a day to
replace moisture taken from the plant by heat and drying winds. If the weather is cool
and overcast you may only need to water a few times per week or even less. You can
simply stick your finger in the soil, and if it is dry beneath the surface, it is time
to water. Or lift the pot after deep watering, then notice how light it becomes over time
as it dries out. If you lift the pot and it is so light it nearly flies up in your face,
it is probably time to water!
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To water thoroughly, apply water over the entire top surface of the soil, continue until
it comes out of the bottom of the pot. This will ensure that the entire root ball has
been watered, and will leach any harmful accumulated salts from the soil. However, do
not allow the plant to sit in water that has accumulated in the bottom of the saucer
since this could result in root rot.
TIP: If the water flows out the bottom of the pot too quickly, check to see if the soil
has pulled away from the sides of the pot and is simply running down the sides of the
pot. In many cases, if a plant has not been adequately watered, the soil shrinks from
the sides of the pot. If this is the case, either soak the plant in a tub of water until
bubbles appear at the top of the water, or if this is not practical, plug the drainage
holes and water until thoroughly saturated. Then remove the plug.
May I Have a Drink of Water? Now?
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When plants are stressed from lack of water, they tell you. Some of the first telltale
signs of thirst are:
- shiny leaves appear dull
- green leaves turn blue or gray-green
- leaf tips turn brown
If not watered at this point, more drastic clues are given:
- new growth wilts or droops
- leaves curl
- flower buds drop, flowers fade quickly
- older leaves become brown, dry and fall off
By the time you notice these symptoms, substantial damage has been done. Water must be
given immediately if the plant is to survive. The better strategy, of course, is to be
sensitive to the watering needs of your plant well before it gets to such a critical
level.
By knowing your soil type and climate, choosing drought tolerant plants where possible
and grouping plants with similar water requirements together in the landscape, and using
mulch to conserve moisture, you can not only have a water efficient garden, but one that
will bring years of beauty and enjoyment to your life.
Exposures
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Light in the proper amounts is essential for the proper growth of your plants. This information
will help you utilize this aspect when selecting and growing your plants.
Outdoor Plants
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Exposure - A plant's preference for sun exposure is a key consideration in determining whether
or not that plant will be successful in your landscape. It's important to match the plant's
preference for sunlight with the sun exposure conditions that exist in your landscape.
Here's how to make a good plant selection based on sun exposure in your landscape:
- Observe the location where you wish to plant, and note the sun or shade conditions at
various times of the day.
- Compare your notes with the exposure preferences listed on this site.
- Select plant varieties with exposure preferences that match the sun and shade conditions in
your landscape.
You will find the following exposures in the plant reference section of this site:
- Sun - "Sun" means the plant needs at least six hours of direct morning and afternoon sun
per day. Most blooming, fruiting and vegetable plants require full sun all day in order to
produce plentiful flowers or fruit. Non-flowering "full sun" plants need sun all day in order
to maintain their best foliage color and most compact form.
- Partial Shade - "Partial Shade" indicates that the plant prefers only light, dappled sun or
only three to four hours of direct sun per day, preferably in early morning or late afternoon.
These versatile plants can often adapt to mostly sunny or mostly shady situations.
- Shade - "Shade" means that the plant prefers no direct sun, but will often tolerate a few
hours of light or dappled shade. Most shade loving plants will perform well in bright or light
shade, while few will tolerate deep shade.
- Full to Partial Sun - Full to Partial Sun plants grow equally well in either full sun or with a little shade. The
Daylily is an example of this group.
- Partial to Full Shade - Partial to Full Shade defines plants that tolerate full shade or can grow equally well with
a little sun. The Hostas are an example of this group.
- Sun to Shade - Sun to Shade describes plants, like most of the Hollies, which can grow equally well in a
range of conditions from full sun to full shade.
Exceptions to the "Rule"
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Due to the wide range of growing factors effecting how plants grow, "full sun" means different
things in different parts of the country. In the high humidity areas of southern Florida or
southeastern Texas, full sun plants can take direct sun from sunup to sundown. In the more
arid, hot areas of the U.S., such as around Phoenix, Arizona or El Paso, Texas, many "full sun"
plants will need some protection during the hottest parts of the day. In general, plants in
locations closer to the equator will need more sun protection and humidity than the same plants
in northern gardens.
Problem Solving Tips: How to diagnose sun/shade problems in the landscape:
- Problem: New leaves are larger, softer and farther apart than the old leaves, and the
stems look "stretched and thin."
Tip: The plant is receiving less sunlight than what it was
used to in the nursery. It should be transplanted to a spot with more sun, or overhead shade
should be trimmed to allow more sunlight.
- Problem: My flowering plant has few or no blooms where I planted it.
Tip: If your
flowering plant is a "full sun" plant, be sure it's getting at least 6 hours of sun per day.
Other factors could be too much nitrogen fertilizer or poor watering methods.
- Problem: My plants have quickly developed large tan blotches on the leaves.
Tip: The
likely problem is excess sun exposure, resulting in a condition called sunscald. A "partial
shade" or "shade" plant will exhibit this condition if grown in full sun. The plant must be
moved immediately to a shadier location or a large shrub or shade tree should be added to
provide shade. Sometimes a "full sun" plant will develop shade tolerant foliage while it is
being held in a retail nursery then will sunscald slightly when planted in the sun. The plant
will usually outgrow this temporary condition; your Home Depot nursery professional can help you
make this distinction.
- Problem: My variegated plant seems to be losing its variegation.
Tip: In general,
variegated plants need a little more light than their green siblings do. If bright variegation
has faded to a greenish color, this is a sure sign of a need for slightly stronger light.
NOTE: It is important to understand that sun/shade preference is but one of the key factors in
successful plant growth. Other factors, such as cold hardiness, soil type and watering methods
should be considered in order for your landscape to flourish and provide the years of beauty
and pleasure that you desire. Please refer to those areas of this guide for additional
helpful information.
House Plants
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Growing plants indoors is not only a fun and relaxing hobby, but it is also a great way to
fight indoor air pollution. Recent studies have shown that many of our common houseplants are
useful in absorbing harmful gases and cleaning the air in our homes and offices. Formaldehyde,
benzene and carbon monoxide have been found to be effectively removed from the air by living
green plants. Add a few houseplants to your home or office to make the world around you a
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Light Level Considerations
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The most limiting factor in indoor gardening is light intensity and duration, so understanding
the quality of light in your interior decor is the first step towards developing an attractive
indoor garden. Here's how to determine the type of light you have in your interior space as it
relates to the selection of bright, moderate and low light tolerant plants:
Window exposure and the plant's distance from the window are two factors to consider when
selecting between bright light, medium light and low light plants. Here's how to use the
"window exposure" method:
- Determine your window direction, either north, south, east or west.
- Measure how far from the window you will be placing your plant.
- Use the plant data base to select plants which match your light conditions.
- Windows facing west can grow bright light plants four feet from the window, medium light
plants five feet away, and low light plants six feet or more away.
- Windows facing east can grow bright light plants four feet from the window, medium light
plants five feet away, and low light plants eight feet or more away.
- Windows facing north can grow bright light plants one foot from the window, medium light
plants four feet away, and low light plants six feet or more away.
- Windows facing south can grow bright light plants four feet from the window, medium light
plants five feet away, and low light plants eight feet or more away.
Here's an alternative method, the "hand shadow" method, for evaluating your prospective
houseplant locations. This is more helpful in rooms with very few windows or in offices
without windows:
- Observe the location where you wish to place a plant, and determine if the light is bright
enough to easily read a newspaper or if your hand casts a very distinct shadow. If the answer
is "yes," you can grow any "bright light" foliage plants, such as Ficus trees, in that space.
Blooming tropical plants such as Kalanchoe will generally need more sun, such as within two
feet of a sunny window. "Medium light" is indicated when your hand casts a soft shadow, and
"low light" is indicated when there is no shadow from your hand.
- Compare your notes with the exposure preferences listed on this site.
- Select plant varieties with exposure preferences that match the light conditions in your
home or office.
Here are the Light Conditions Used to Describe the Plants in our Data Base:
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- Bright Indirect Light is strong direct light that is diffused or softened by sheer drapes,
or it may be the light of direct sun reflected from a white wall. This light might be a little
too bright for easy reading. Virtually all houseplants will thrive in this light.
- Medium Light is found in a light, well-lit room with plenty of windows or bright lamps,
but there is no direct bright light from the sun. This would be a good reading light. Many
popular houseplants will grow well in this light.
- Low to Medium Light might be found in corners of the room, beside dark pieces of furniture,
or in places well removed from a window. It would be difficult to read in this light. A number
of popular houseplants are adaptable to this light and will grow well with careful maintenance.
- Low Light would describe areas that have very little natural or artificial light. Some
highly adaptable houseplants can survive this light condition; careful watering is essential.
A select few houseplants will grow in this lighting condition.
Plant Growth
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The goal of plant selection for indoor gardening is to place plants in the proper light so the
plant will grow properly. With adequate light, indoor plants will grow and flourish lavishly,
displaying their natural beauty for many years.
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In less than optimum light many plants will survive for a period, sometimes for years, but
certainly will not flourish or bloom. They should not be repotted, and very little water or
fertilizer is needed. Plants living "on the edge" will be lost if additional stress occurs,
such as from one incident of over-watering.
Tips For Problem Solving:
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Sometimes things go wrong when it seems that you've done everything right. Here are some common
problems and their solutions:
- The plant is growing some, but the new leaves are very small.
This is a sign of too little light. For the plant to produce new, full sized leaves it must
receive the proper intensity and duration of light every day. Too little light will produce
very little or no new growth, and the plant may eventually die. Plants grown in this weakened
state are easily killed by improper watering, temperature shock or other mishap.
- Plant is growing but the leaves are all growing to one side.
Indoor light is often very directional, such as light from a bay window. Since the plant's
leaves will grow toward the light, it is necessary to rotate your plants weekly to produce
uniform growth.
- Within a few days of bringing my new plant home, it developed large tan blotches on the
leaves nearest to the window.
Tropical plants sold as houseplants have been grown and acclimated to the reduced light of the
average home interior. Placing a houseplant in direct sun will cause sunscald, a type of plant
sunburn. To remedy this, either move the plant to a less bright area or draw the drapes or
blinds to shade the plant. Most plants will grow out of this condition and the damaged leaves
can be trimmed off.
- My flowering pot plants looked great in the nursery, but they've slowly stopped blooming
and haven't bloomed for weeks.
The most common reason for lack of blooms indoors is a lack of light. African Violets, Begonias
and the like need bright reading light to bloom regularly in addition to well drained potting
soil, flowering plant fertilizer and regular watering. Even then, they will usually bloom in
"cycles" with several weeks in between with no blooms. Some flowering pot plants, such as
Poinsettias, Kalanchoes and Chrysanthemums, require the long nights of spring or fall in order
to produce blooms. Most Orchids will blooms at the same time each year, but only once per year.
- The leaves are droopy but I've watered it plenty.
Overwatering is the number one cause of houseplant failure. Roots need air also, which is not
available in soggy soil. Be sure the container has drain holes, use houseplant soil mix (not
garden dirt), and check the soil with your fingers regularly; then water when the plant needs
it, not on a schedule.
NOTE: Light duration is as important a factor in site and plant selection as is the light
intensity. Lamp light all day may be as equally beneficial for your plants as bright window
light is for an hour.
Growth Rate
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Understanding the rate at which a plant grows is important in the
planning of your landscape. This useful information can help you
visualize the development of your finished landscape.
- Fast growing plants grow quickly compared to other plants of its same
general type.
- Moderate growing plants grow at an average rate compared to other plants
of its same general type.
- Slow growing plants grow slowly compared to other plants of its same
general type.
The terms "fast," "moderate," and "slow" are relative terms and do not
indicate a number of inches per month or feet per year of new growth.
Rather, it describes how fast a particular plant grows in comparison to
other plants of its same general type. For example, Waxleaf Ligustrum is
listed as a fast growing plant, because it grows quickly compared to
other shrubs. The Kentia Palm is listed as a slow grower, because it
grows slowly compared to most houseplants.
Remember that all plants have their strengths and weaknesses. Here are
some characteristics of these two extreme ends of the plant growth rate
scale:
Fast Growing
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- Will quickly fill their allotted space, doing the job you intend them
to do
- May be relatively less expensive to purchase due to lower costs to the
grower
- Generally will not live as long as slow-growing plants of the same
type
- May require more maintenance, such as pest control or soft wood
pruning
- May grow larger than you intended, requiring heavy pruning to keep it
in bounds
- Older short-lived specimens may be a detriment to property value
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Slow Growing
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- May grow well with little or no maintenance
- Will maintain its mature size for many years, possibly many decades
- Old specimens are an asset to the property due to their long life
expectancy
- Without proper maintenance, slow growing varieties may never reach
their full size
- Slow growing varieties planted from small containers may take five to
ten years before they begin to resemble their mature form
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Visualize Future Growth
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This growth information can be very helpful in visualizing how your home
interior or landscape will look in the future. If you place three feet
tall plants of the slow-growing Kentia palms on each side of your
fireplace, you will be waiting many years for them to reach the mantle.
But if you plant Wisterias at the base of your new arbor, these
fast-reach the growing vines will cover the structure with foliage and
blooms in a few seasons. Plants described as "moderate" have an average
growth rate compared to other plants of that type.
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All of our plant information includes the average, mature height and
width of the plant. It can be safely assumed that it will take a number
of years, possibly decades, for a slow growing plant to reach its mature
size. Conversely, fast growing plants will reach their mature size
quickly, possibly in as little as five to ten years.
Bloom Season
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The incredible diversity of flower colors and shapes is further
diversified by the range of blooming season. Some plants, like Junipers,
have no conspicuous blooms, but many of your favorite landscape and
house plants have attractive blooms during all or part of the year. Here
are some factors to consider when selecting plants for their bloom
season:
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- "Spring" is a relative term - it means different things to different
people, because it occurs at different times in different parts of the
country. Spring to a southern Californian, Texan or Floridian will be
very different from spring to a Minnesotan. Southern folk enjoy spring
several months earlier than their northern neighbors.
- A color theme works best when the specimens of your chosen color bloom
together. If you plan a patriotic red, white and blue area, for example,
be sure all of your selections bloom at one time.
- Some gardeners prefer to have something blooming throughout the year.
Choose long-blooming varieties that bloom at various times.
- Keep your flowering plants at their peak with frequent watering,
regular fertilizing and removal of spent blooms to encourage rebloom.
- Don't be afraid to try something new. This year's test plant may
become next year's favorite.
Category
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There are many types of plants that are available at your local Home Depot Garden Center. The
following descriptions will help you select plants that will fit your landscape and lifestyle.
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- Annuals
are plants that grow to maturity, bloom, produce seed, and die within one
year or one season. They are wonderful used for masses of color in landscape, mixed borders and
container planting. Annuals are often planted two or three times a year: in the spring for
early season color, followed by summer blooming varieties that stand up to the heat, and then a
fall planting for cool season interest.
Interestingly, some plants that may be annuals in northern areas are considered perennials in
tropical areas of the country. Or some plants that are spring blooming annuals in more southern
climates, are summer blooming annuals further north. For example, Pansies are great plants for
spring color in Texas, but provide summer color in New York. Popular examples of plants grown as annuals are: Petunias, Impatiens, Marigolds and Zinnias.
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- Bulbs are a distinct category of perennials grown from a short underground stem surrounded by modified fleshy leaves that protect and store food for use by the plant. Although many types of plants are grown from bulbs, what they all have in common is that they go dormant during some point of the year. Some popular varieties of bulbs are Tulips, Hyacinths, Daffodils and Crocus.
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- Cactus are part of a large group of succulent plants that originate primarily in the United States. They have fleshy thick stems in many unique forms that are able to store water and use it very sparingly. Cactus are known for their spines and many varieties produce showy flowers. Their size ranges from only inches high to over 60 feet. These are truly low maintenance plants that have something to offer any gardener.
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- Christmas plants add great seasonal color to the home and landscape. From bright red poinsettias on the mantle, elegant amaryllis and trays of fragrant paperwhites, to traditional "Christmas" trees decorated with your favorite ornaments, your Home Depot Indoor and Outdoor Garden Center has the perfect plants to make your holidays something to treasure.
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- Floral plants add great color and highlight to any patio, window or sunny area. There are many blooming plants to choose from, many beautifully decorated in colorful containers and wrappings. They can brighten a windowsill or patio corner or be given as gifts to family and friends for special occasions. Florist azaleas, mums and kalanchoes are just a few of the many choices you will find at your local Home Depot Garden Center.
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- Fruit Trees/Berries These trees are not only valuable for their form, foliage, and exquisite spring blooms, but they produce delicious fruit and berries ideal for fresh eating, baking, beverages, jams and preserves. Many trees with berries also attract birds to the landscape and provide them with food. Berries that hang on to the tree throughout winter add interest to the landscape.
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- Groundcover/Vine can be any number of low growing perennials, shrubs or vines with spreading or trailing growth habits that produce a relatively even surface. There are varieties that root wherever they touch the ground, and others that send wide spreading branches out from the base of the plant. Some have dense, mat-like forms that can be walked on, but none can withstand the foot traffic of lawns. Popular plants for groundcover use include ivy, periwinkle, Hall's honeysuckle, creeping juniper, new varieties of groundcover roses and some herbs, like creeping thyme and rosemary.
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- Vines are annual or perennial plants that trail over the ground or climb by twining stems, tendrils, attaching by suckers, or by being artificially tied to a structure, wall or tree trunk. They can be used in as many ways as your creativity will allow; to cover arbors, fences or walls, hide an unattractive view, scramble through trees and shrubs, as ground or bank cover, and to add a vertical element to the landscape, just to name a few. Add some clematis, ivy, passionflower, honeysuckle or some climbing roses to your shopping cart the next time you're at Home Depot Garden Center.
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- Perennials are a diverse group of mostly non-woody plants that live for more than two years. They grow through the same phases as annuals, but they go dormant in the winter after producing seed instead of dying. The blooming season may last from a week to over a month. After flowering, the plant may put out new growth for the next year or it dies down, almost disappearing until it puts out new growth next spring. Unlike annuals, they do not have to be dug up and replaced each year.
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- Roses are considered by many to be the queen of all flowers. Few flowers can surpass the timeless beauty, color and exquisite fragance of a rose. It is indeed the world's most popular flower.
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- Floribundas produce free flowering clusters of medium size blooms on each stem. They are superb mixed into an informal perennial border.
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- Grandifloras are also produced in clusters but the blooms are larger and the bush tends to be taller in habit. Individual stems within the cluster are often suitable for cutting.
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- Hybrid Teas are the classic, long-stemmed beauties that first come to mind when thinking of the elegance and romance of roses. There is usually one large bloom per stem, unfurling from a perfect, urn-shaped bud. This is the number one rose for floral bouquets.
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- Shrub Roses make excellent flowering hedges. They are important in the modern landscape because they are hardy, disease resistant and easy to grow. From groundcover to hedge form, single, semi-double to double blooms, they bring versatility and beauty to any garden.
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- Climbing Roses produce long, supple stems that are delightful for adding vertical color to walls, fences, arbors and narrow spaces. Most will not climb on their own, but can be easily tied to an upright support. They most often produce flowers in clusters.
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- Miniature Roses generally look like smaller replicas of hybrid tea roses and are similar in every respect but size. Their size ranges from six inches to two feet in height. They are wonderful plants for edging, mixed borders and containers. If given enough light in a sunny window, they may also make excellent houseplants.
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- Shrubs are also woody plants, but are usually smaller than trees, naturally branching at ground level. Interestingly, some shrubs are taller than some trees, and they can be pruned to look like trees. In terms of size, shrub size ranges from just a few inches tall to multi-stemmed giants that reach over your head. They're stiff or pliable like vines, upright or spreading, deciduous or evergreen. Some are valued for their foliage alone, while others accent the landscape with their dazzling floral display. Breathtaking fall foliage color is the highlight of other varieties.
Whatever the form or function, shrubs are designed to be permanent members of the landscape. Attractive shrubs make all the difference between an average, and a spectacular landscape.
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- Trees are tall, woody plants, usually with a single trunk, topped by a leafy crown of foliage. They are the most valuable elements of any landscape, adding structure, character and form. Trees are either evergreen or deciduous. Evergreen trees retain their foliage all year. Most evergreens have needled foliage, like pines, firs and spruces. However, there are broadleaf evergreens such as southern magnolias and hollies. Deciduous trees drop their leaves in the fall. They are the source of glorious orange, red and yellow fall foliage color. Oaks and maples are popular examples.
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- Tropical/Houseplant A large selection of houseplants and other tropicals can be found at any Home Depot Garden Center. There are varieties for low, medium and high light indoor areas as well as those that will take various degrees of sun and outdoor temperature. Tropicals add great seasonal and portable color on patios, in the home or in warm season landscapes. A plant that may be a landscape plant in south Florida, can become an ideal patio or houseplant in Maine. A plant that provides spring color in Texas, may be a summer bloomer in Pennsylvania. They are versatile, easy to grow additions to the indoor or outdoor garden.
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- Turf/Sod A well manicured, lush green lawn is the unifying factor in any landscape. Several types of lawn grass are available to fit your style and landscape conditions. From Bermuda, St. Augustine, Rye to Zoysia there is a variety for sun, shade, cool or warm season, high or low rainfall areas.
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- Vegetables Few experiences can match that of eating vegetables picked fresh from your own garden. Your local Home Depot Garden Center can provide you with seeds and starter plants for a range of cool and warm season vegetable growing. Broccoli, spinach, lettuce, peas and tomatoes (actually a fruit) are just some of the many veggies available. Consult your local Home Depot Nursery professional for details on specific planting instructions for your area.
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- Water Plants are the icing on the cake for any water garden. They add stunning color, and cool the water by providing shade from the sun. In addition, some varieties can be used to keep the water clear and add oxygen to the water. Their roots can also provide shelter for newly hatched fish. The most popular water plant is the water lily, but others such as Cattail, Anacharis, Bog Arum and Arrowhead are also available to add interest to any water garden.
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Evergreen
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Whether or not your plants have foliage in the winter is an important design consideration.
Since part of the glorious diversity of the landscape involves foliage changes from season to
season, we need to use this information to maximize the impact of our landscape in all seasons.
Selecting "Evergreen" in your search will bring up all of the evergreen plants in the data
base. Here's a description of the three main terms that describe the foliage seasons:
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Evergreen - doesn't mean "keeps its leaves forever." Rather, it never drops all of its leaves
at once. It will shed some of its leaves each season and put on some new ones. Often the old
leaf is pushed off the stem by the new leaf bud. The result is that it will appear full of
foliage all year round.
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Deciduous - has leaves that do not persist from one growing season into the next. That means
that all of the leaves bud out in spring then mature in summer. As fall approaches with its
cooler temperatures, a physical change takes place in the deciduous leaf. Its green chlorophyll
starts to die, revealing other colors in the leaf. It stops taking up water and begins to dry
up, and it begins to separate itself from the main plant. This progresses until it and all of
the other leaves have fallen off of the plant. The plant will remain bare until the warmth of
spring signals the start of the process again.
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Semi-Deciduous - an odd word. You may ask, "How can it be both?" The answer is that
semi-deciduous plants will keep most of their foliage all year long and from year to year
unless severe cold weather causes all of the leaves to fall. A good example of this is Abelia.
It will drop some of its leaves in winter, but only in severely cold weather will it drop all
of its leaves.
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Here are some suggestions on how to use this foliage diversity in planning your landscape:
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- Consider where in the landscape you prefer to have foliage all year round. This may include
hedges used for security and screening, background plantings or around the foundation of your
home.
- While being evergreen may be an admirable characteristic, many deciduous plants make
spectacular blooming displays in spring or summer. Don't forget to check that important
characteristic.
- Some deciduous plants make attractive silhouettes in winter, especially when viewed against
the sky, a wall or other uniform background.
- Often the best shrub border contains a mixture of evergreen plants to form the foundation
of the planting, while the deciduous plants put on a flower show.
- Deciduous trees make ideal shade trees for use on the south or southwest sides of your
home. Their summer foliage will shade the house from the hot sun in summer; then, after the
leaves have dropped in fall, the sun will warm your home in winter.
Fall Foliage Color
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Each autumn, we wait with eager hearts to see a show no
Broadway play could match. It is nature's spectacular show of dazzling fall
foliage color. Many areas of the country are home to some striking cool
season color. During the fall season of each year, once lush green leaves
"turn" vibrant red, rich burgundy, brilliant yellow, exciting orange or elegant
purple. Each tree or shrub has its own palette of colors, which can still change
from year to year.
Many areas of the country are home to some striking cool
season color. During the fall season of each year, once lush green leaves
"turn" vibrant red, rich burgundy, brilliant yellow, exciting orange or elegant
purple.
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Each tree or shrub has its own palette of colors, which can still change
from year to year. The best foliage color occurs when the fall daytime
temperature is mild and the evenings are cool and crisp, but not below freezing.
If fall temperatures are too warm, for an extended period of time, the color may
not be as intense or the fall season may be delayed. As fall approaches
the amount of daylight is shortened. This tells a deciduous tree or shrub that
it is time to start shedding their leaves. The green color begins to disappear
and the other foliage colors, which were always present, begin to show through.
The leaves do not actually change colors, rather, those "fall" colors, once
hidden, are now revealed in a gradual, greatly anticipated display. Some
of the most popular trees and shrubs for fall color are Sugar Maple, American
Sweetgum, Winged Euonymus (Burning Bush), Sumac, Japanese Barberry, Pin Oak, Red
Oak and Callery Pear. They are available at many Home Depot Garden Centers.
Bloom Color
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From tiny to titanic, flower blooms are a delight to the senses. Found in every
color of the rainbow, natural and man-made landscapes display colors from beige
to black and everything in between.
The function of flower color in the
natural world is to attract bees, butterflies and other pollinators for the
purpose of reproduction. But to the human eye, flower color creates the
opportunity for much visual diversity in the landscape. When planning your
landscape, here are some tips to consider when making flower color
decisions:
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- Flower colors in your garden may vary slightly from what you see
in the catalog or on a plant tag. They may even vary from the flowers in your
neighbor's yard. Overall plant vigor, which can be effected by a particular type
of fertilizer or soil type, effects flower color.
- Temperatures at night,
when plants grow the most, greatly effect bud formation and eventually flower
color. Higher temperatures often produce softer or weaker colors while milder
temperatures generally produce the richest, most vivid colors.
- Soil pH,
whether it's acidic, basic or neutral, has a distinct effect on flower color.
For the truest, richest colors, provide the plant with the soil type and pH that
it prefers.
- Some gardeners prefer that most of their flowers bloom at the
same time, such as late spring, so as to produce a massive display for a time.
Others like to have a little of something blooming all of the time.
- Color
themes can create different responses in the viewer, based on the use of various
colors in the landscape. For example, warm colors, like red and orange advance,
meaning they grab your attention and create visual excitement in the landscape.
Cool colors, like blue and lavender, recede, meaning they stay more in the
background and produce a gentle, calming effect in the landscape.
- Another
popular plan is to concentrate on a single color range, such as all pinks or all
blues. A patriotic theme would be all reds, whites and blues.
- Foliage
colors are a consideration also. Greens range from light green to blue-green and
dark green, sometimes with white or golden variegation thrown in for
seasoning.
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A few tips on improving floral performance would be in order:
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- Plants generally need a little more water while flowering. When a plant wilts, the flowers are among the first to go, so keep your blooming plants properly watered while they're showing off in your garden.
- Use an organic or commercial fertilizer with more phosphorus, the middle number of the fertilizer ratio on the bag. Flowers like plenty of phosphorus. Follow label directions when applying plant fertilizer.
- Most blooming plants need at least a little sun, and many need full sun in order to bloom profusely. Check the plant section of this data base, our printed Planting Guides or the plant tag for specific information on how much sunlight your plant prefers. See also the informative section of this data base on Sun Exposure Preferences.
Foliage Color
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When most people think of leaves, they think green.
While this is true for the most part, there are a multitude of attractive
foliage colors that accent and add highlight to any landscape. Many
trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants have year-round foliage color other than
green or have green foliage only at certain times during the year. Purple-Leaf
Plum for example, has rich burgundy foliage year-round. Japanese Maple has rich
red new foliage, which then turns green during the summer months, to become
vibrant red, orange or yellow in the fall. Variegated foliage is any
foliage that is striped, edged or otherwise marked with a color different from
the basic color. Plants with variegated foliage catch the eye and add interest
to the landscape. Because of their striking two-toned color, care must be taken
in blending them in with other plantings. Some examples are: Variegated
Ligustrum, Tricolor Dogwood, Aureo-marginata Hosta.
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Special Feature
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Each plant has its own special purpose, charm, style, or element of
excitement that beckons to us. Something about it catches our attention
and delights our senses in some way.
Every plant has some unique feature that adds interest to the landscape.
Some with their fragrance, or by bringing birds and butterflies to the
garden. Others add interest to the winter landscape with bright red
berries, stem color or unusual form.
Some examples of special features are:
- Border
- Butterfly
- Climbing
- Color Accent
- Cut Flower
- Foundation
- Fragrant
- Hedge
- Hummingbird
- Mass Planting
- Rock Garden
- Screen
- Specimen
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A Border is a garden area that can be accessed from three sides. The
fourth side is often backed by a wall. The border can contain any number
of plants, and either a grouping of the same plant or many different
kinds of plants. If the planting area is accessible from all four sides
it is called a Bed.
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Butterfly Few things are more enjoyable to watch in the garden than
butterflies. They are like fleeting works of art that give us a brief
glimpse of their beauty before they leave to delight another garden.
Fortunately for us, there are many plants we can add to our landscape to
actually attract butterflies. Butterfly Bush, Passion Vine, Roses,
Spirea, Salvia, Columbine and Sweet Pea, just to name a few. |
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Climbing plants add vertical interest and color to the landscape. They
can be used to cover a wall, fence, arbor or trellis. Some climb without
need of additional support, like Honeysuckle Vine and Wisteria. Others
need to be tied or staked, like climbing roses.
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Color Accent plants add interesting focal points throughout the garden.
This is particularly true with foliage plants that add seasons of
exciting color. From boldly variegated hostas, to silvery Lamb's Ear to
Purple-Leaf Plum trees, they attract the eye and add pizazz to even the
simplest garden setting.
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Cut Flower plantings serve two purposes. They add color and fragrance to
the landscape and to your indoor environment. In addition many flowers
that are suitable for floral arrangements are also great for potpourri
and other crafts. Popular plants for cutting are Roses, Lilies, Daisies,
Delphinium, Zinnias, Lilac, Iris and Gardenias.
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Foundation plantings were once planted around the perimeter of the home
to hide the high, unsightly cement foundations. The need for foundation
plantings has decreased with changes in the way homes are built, but
there are still shrubs and ground covers that are great for softening
the look of any home and blending it in with the surrounding landscape.
Some ideal plants for foundation planting are Azaleas, Hydrangeas,
Hollies, Boxwood, Junipers, Euonymus, Roses and Nandinas.
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Fragrant trees, shrubs, perennials and annuals are some of the most
highly prized plants in the landscape. The scent of honeysuckle or
gardenia carried on a gentle breeze is one of the sweetest, simple
pleasures of life. Place these plants near doors, windows and patios, so
their fragrance can be enjoyed often. Roses, Lilac, Magnolia, Jasmine,
Wisteria, Lilies, Hyacinths, Sweet Alyssum are just a few fragrant
examples.
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Hedge plantings provide privacy and a sense of boundary to the
landscape. Shrubs that have dense foliage and a compact form are best
suited for hedge plantings. There are many flowering shrubs that not
only serve a useful function, but also add color and beauty. Boxwood,
Shrub Roses, Azaleas, Hollies, Privet, Pittosporum, Euonymus, Oleander
and Podocarpus make great hedges.
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Hummingbirds add whimsy to the garden. By choosing flowering plants to
provide the nectar they need, you can attract these tiny birds to your
landscape. Some hummingbird favorites are Trumpet Vine, Honeysuckle,
Butterfly Bush, Fuchsia, Lilac, Foxglove, Columbine, Zinnias and Bee
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Mass Planting is when you plant large groups of the same plant together
in a bed or border. This provides a broad band of color, form and
texture in the landscape. It brings an element of simplicity and
elegance into any garden design.
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Rock Gardens usually contain natural looking rock groupings and rocky,
often dry soil conditions. Plants that are suitable for this environment
usually have a compact or creeping growth habit. They are often drought,
heat or cold tolerant. Mugho Pine, Heather, Dwarf Juniper, Alpine Aster,
Yarrow, Coral Bells, Thyme and Stonecrop are good plants for rock
gardens.
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Screen plants are usually densely foliaged evergreen plants that create
a natural living barrier or boundary. It is a great way to hide an
unsightly view. The following plants work well as screens: Columnar
Juniper, Holly, Arborvitae, Oleander and Photinia.
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Specimen plants make a bold statement all by themselves. Either through
an unusual form, texture or color, they are planted as a focal point in
the landscape. A few stunning examples are Ornamental Flowering Fruit
Trees, Maple and Oak trees, Blue Atlas Cedar, Butterfly Bush, Peony.
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Look for plants with these special features at your local Home Depot
Garden Center and you can be sure to add years of enjoyment to your
landscape.
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